Quality : 304 – 316 – 201 – 321 – 310
Çap : 6 – 273 mm
diameter : 0,5 – 6 mm
Stainless Pipe
Stainless pipe is one of the materials preferred by most sectors today. One of the most curious subjects is where stainless pipes are used. Stainless pipes; It is used in the water system, heating system and waste water system of the houses. Having a shiny structure, the pipes are also aesthetic in appearance. Stainless pipes, as the name suggests, do not rust.
The main feature of stainless pipes is hidden in their name. These pipes, which have a bright design, do not rust. Since they are produced in stainless steel, they are preferred in most sectors today with peace of mind. Being resistant to heat and corrosion is one of the essential features that makes stainless pipes preferable.
The production of stainless steel welded pipes is carried out by rolling the heated billet. The raw product of welded pipes are semi-finished sheets known as coils. These rolls, which are cut to size of the pipes, are ready for use after going through most procedures. The main feature that distinguishes stainless steel drawn pipes from steel welded pipes is that they are used in working environments with high pressure values. Stainless steel drawn pipes are produced as resistant to pressure and cast as one piece. Steel drawn pipes, which are poured into containers while hot, are produced in a round shape. In order for the pipes to take the form of a round form, some materials are used. After the pipes are shaped, the stainless steel pipes are left to cool. Cleaning the pipes is done by the pickling procedure. After this stage, the pipes are ready for use.
Stainless Types
-Stainless pipes by Production Types
-Stainless Pipe According to the Nature of the Welding Process,
-Stainless Pipe According to Their Surfaces,
-Stainless Steel Drawing Pipe,
-Stainless Steel Welded Pipe,
-Stainless Pipe Produced by TIG Welding,
-Stainless Pipe Produced by Hf Welding,
-Stainless Pipe Produced by Laser Welding,
-Matt Surface Stainless Pipe,
-Satined Stainless Steel Pipe,
-Can be sorted as Polished Stainless Pipe.
Usage areas
Stainless pipes, which are widely used day by day, bring many advantages as they are produced from durable materials. These pipes, which are produced to be resistant to corrosion and heat, have a long-lasting use with their non-rusting structure. Stainless pipes, which are frequently preferred due to these features, are also extremely resistant to pressure. Due to these features, stainless pipes are mostly used in industrial facilities. Petroleum refineries and petrochemical industries are also among the areas where stainless pipes are preferred the most. Stainless pipes; It is preferred in many areas such as heating installation, drinking water networks, food industry, waste water installation, fire extinguishing systems.
Stainless Pipes According to Production Types
Since the usage areas of stainless pipes are very wide, it is necessary to produce extremely different types of stainless pipes. One of the biggest distinguishing elements of stainless pipes is production types. Stainless pipes are divided into 2 according to their production types. This distinction is made as Stainless Steel Drawn Pipe and Stainless Steel Welded Pipe .
Stainless Steel Draw Tubes
Stainless drawn pipes are generally used in places where there is high pressure. The reason for this is that the pressure strength of the drawn pipes is higher than the welded pipes. The main reason for its high compressive strength is that the pipes are cast in one piece. Drawn pipes are first poured into various molds in hot condition, and they are given a round form. The pipes, which take a round form, are brought to the inner diameter with the mandrels that are passed through them according to their measurements. In order to be able to fix the inner diameter dimension exactly, the measurement is fixed in millimeters by passing the mandrel several times. Then, in order to bring the outer diameter to the desired size, it is passed between the cylinders and the outer diameter dimension is fully formed. After these procedures, the pipe is left to cool. After the pipe cools down, it is acidified and cleaned to remove the stains left on the cylinder. After the cleaning procedure and the pipe is ready for use.
Stainless Welded Pipes
Stainless drawn pipes have a lower compressive strength than pipes. The reason for this is the use of resources in their formation. All of the pipes used for decorative purposes are from welded pipe group pipes. Welded pipes are generally used in low pressure lines and for decorative purposes. The reason why welded pipes are preferred is that their price is more reasonable than drawn pipes. Stainless welded pipe construction begins with the cutting of stainless sheets in the form of bands in certain sizes. Then, the cut bands pass through the wheel-shaped molds and start to gain form. After passing through many molds, the sheet entering the machine in the form of a band reaches the round form. The sheets that reach the round form are welded by a machine as they move on the band and take the form of a pipe. Afterwards, the pipes are annealed by entering the annealing. The reason for annealing is to make the stainless pipes easier to process and to increase their resistance against flexing. After the annealing procedure is over, the Stainless pipes are cut to the desired dimensions, and finally, in order to clean the burrs caused by welding, the welds are sanded using emery stone to make them ready for use.
Stainless Pipes According to Welding Quality
Another criterion used in the classification of stainless pipe types is the type of welding performed. These criteria are used only for welded pipes, since there is no weld in the drawn pipes. There are 3 main types of resources. These are TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding, HF (high frequency) welding and laser welding, respectively. The z value on the welding quality pipes is shown. The closer the Z value is to 1, the higher the weld strength. Having a Z value of 1 theoretically shows that it has the same robustness as drawn pipes. Types of stainless pipes according to their qualities
- TIG Welding
- Hf Source
- It can be sorted in the form of Laser Source.
It is made using a non-melting tungsten electrode. Stainless pipes while moving in a band on the line, the parts are fused by melting the part up or by means of a torc tungsten electrode. Contact with air while welding causes deterioration of the weld. In order to prevent this, argon gas is given to eliminate the errors that may arise due to the atmosphere. After the welding procedure is over, the trace formed on the outside of the pipes due to welding is cleaned by grinding and the Stainless pipes are made ready for use. Tig welding is much more robust than hf welding. It is more robust than the hf source, but the procedure time is extremely long compared to the hf source.
It is a welding method by applying high frequency energy to the surfaces to be joined, thanks to the electrode. It is done with a technique similar to tig welding. However, the welding technique using a higher energy progresses much faster than tig welding. After the welding procedure in Hf welded Stainless pipes, burrs in the form of bunches form in the pipe. In order to eliminate these burrs, a spindle with diamonds on it is inserted into the pipes and the burrs are cleaned and the pipes are made ready for use. Hf pipes are generally used for decorative purposes as their head strength is less than tig welded pipes. Hf pipes have a very high production speed compared to tig welded pipes.
The laser beam is applied pointwise to the surface to be joined and the desired point is combined. Laser welding can do a much finer workmanship than tig and hf welding. As a result of welding with laser welding, the traces left on the stainless pipes are cleaned by grinding and the pipes are made ready for use. Laser welding has many advantages over tig and hf welding. Laser welding is as fast as hf welding, although it is so fast, a solid welding can be made at least as much as tig welding and much more meticulous work can be done.
Stainless Pipes According to Their Surfaces
Another distinction made in stainless pipes is based on their surfaces. Stainless pipes are generally divided into 3 different types according to the surface. In this separation, the surface brightness of the pipes is used as a criterion.
These surfaces are named as matte, satiny and polished. According to their surfaces Stainless pipes
Matt Surface Stainless Tube
Satin Surface Stainless Tube
Polished Stainless Pipe
When the pipes come out of production, their surfaces are matte. The weld surfaces of these pipes are grinded and put into use, called matte pipes.
Satin surfaced Stainless pipes are subjected to the satination procedure in the pipe satining machine after they are out of production. The satining procedure is a procedure performed by passing the pipe between the grinding wheels in the form of wheels. 320 grid grinding wheels are used in this procedure. The sensitivity of the grinding wheel used in the process is called the grid. The larger the grid size, the brighter the pipe will be.
The pipe is subjected to the satination procedure after production. After this procedure, the pipes, which are polished with 600 grid grinding wheels, are then cleaned again with felts and a paste that increases the shine. After the cleaning procedure is over, the pipe surface has reached 600 grit, that is, it has become a mirror surface polished stainless pipe.
In this article, we talked about what kind of stages stainless pipes go through until they become pipes and according to which criteria they are separated. We tried to explain every detail about Stainless pipes and to erase the question of why Stainless from your mind as much as we could. You can also find the table about stainless pipe sizes below.
Their quality
Its qualities are: 304 quality stainless pipe, 316 quality stainless pipe, 316 titanium quality stainless pipe, 201 quality stainless pipe, 321 quality stainless pipe, 310 quality stainless pipe. Another issue to be considered is the welding method of stainless pipes. The type of stainless pipe that should be used industrially should be TIG welding, but HF welding should be used for decoration purposes or in places that do not require any pressure or pressure.
304 (1.4301) Quality Stainless Steel
|
Corrosion Resistance:
|
This quality, which is quite sufficient for daily use and standard productions, is not preferred because it will rust in more corrosive environments. In more demanding conditions, 316, 316L, 316Ti or duplex (1.4462) grade stainless steel should be preferred instead of 304 grade stainless steel.
|
|
Mechanical Properties:
|
This stainless steel quality, which is often sufficient in terms of mechanical strength, is not preferred where high yield and rupture strength is required. When the mechanical properties come to the fore, considering the material structure,
|
|
Tendency to Forge:
|
This quality material has a standard malleability. It should not be preferred in places where metal forging is extremely intense.
|
|
Weldability:
|
Plain 304 quality stainless steel is an ideal material for places where there is no excessive welding. In places where the weld is more intense, 304L quality material with lower carbon (L=low carbon) should be preferred to prevent swelling.
|
|
Machinability:
|
This material, which is not bad in terms of machinability, is not preferred in places where processing is intense. 304 quality stainless steel is less preferred, especially in lathes and machining centers, as it wraps chips. In places where this type of process is intense, 303 quality stainless steel, which is the automatic version of 304, should be preferred.304 (1.4301) Chemical Composition
|
|
Chemical Composition
|
|
Quality
|
C
|
Mn
|
P
|
S
|
Si
|
Cr
|
Ni
|
|
304 (1.4301)
|
%0.08 max
|
%2.0 max
|
%0.045 max
|
%0.03 max
|
%0.75 max
|
%18-20
|
%8-10
|
|
Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature
|
|
Quality
|
304 (1.4301) X5CrNi18-10
|
|
breaking strength
|
515 – 720 MPa
|
|
Yield strength, (0.2%)
|
210 MPa (min)
|
|
Hardness, Rockwell (HB)
|
201
|
|
|
|
|
|
Physical Properties at Room Temperature
|
|
Features
|
Values
|
|
Density (Specific gravity)
|
8000 kg/m³
|
|
Melting temperature
|
1450°C
|
|
Modulus of Elasticity
|
193 GPa
|
|
amount of electrical resistance
|
0.072×10^-6 Ωm
|
|
heat permeability
|
17.2 W/m.K
|
|
|
|
|
|
Summary of Quality Characteristics
|
|
304 stainless is numbered as 1.4301 quality stainless according to the EN standard.
|
|
304 quality stainless is also called X5CrNi18-10 according to EN standard.
|
|
This stainless quality is in the category of esthenitic stainless steels.
|
|
Materials of this stainless steel grade can be well formed and welded well.
|
|
Stainless steels of this quality do not attract magnets and have a high corrosion resistance.
|
316 (1.4401) QUALITY STAINLESS STEEL
|
Chemical Composition
|
|
Quality
|
C
|
Mn
|
P
|
S
|
Si
|
Cr
|
Ni
|
Mo
|
|
|
316 (1.4401)
|
0.08max
|
2
|
0.045
|
0.030
|
1
|
16.0-18.0between
|
10,0- 14between
|
2.0-3.0 between
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature
|
|
Quality
|
316 (1.4401) X5CrNiMo17-12-2
|
316L (1.4404)
|
316Ti (1.4571)
|
|
breaking strength
|
515 MPa
|
485 MPa
|
485 MPa
|
|
Yield strength (0.2%)
|
205 MPa
|
170 MPa
|
170 MPa
|
|
Hardness, Rockwell (B)
|
95
|
95
|
–
|
|
Summary of Quality Characteristics
|
|
316 stainless is numbered as 1.4401 quality stainless according to the EN standard.
|
|
316 quality stainless is also called X5CrNiMo17-12-2 according to EN standard.
|
|
316 and 316L quality stainless is one of the most widely used stainless steel grades in the world, along with 304 quality stainless.
|
|
This stainless quality is in the category of esthenitic stainless steels.
|
|
Materials of this stainless steel grade can be well formed and welded well.
|
|
Stainless steels of this quality do not attract magnets and have a high corrosion resistance.
|
The corrosion resistance of 316 grade stainless steel is better than 304 grade stainless steel.
|
General features
|
Explanation
|
|
Corrosion Resistance:
|
The corrosion resistance of this material is quite good. In harsher environments, 316Ti or duplex (1.4462) quality material should be preferred.
|
|
Mechanical Properties:
|
316 quality material shows mechanical properties similar to 304 quality material. For higher strength, 431, duplex (1.4462) or 630 (1.4542 PH17.4) can be preferred.
|
|
Tendency to Forge:
|
This grade of stainless steel has a good malleability tendency.
|
|
Weldability:
|
Weldability of this quality stainless is good. In environments with more welding, 316L or 316Ti quality stainless should be preferred.
|
|
Machinability:
|
In environments where corrosion resistance is insignificant, 303 or 430F quality stainless steel products may be preferred.
|
|
321 (1.4541) Grade Stainless Steel
|
Chemical Composition
|
|
Quality
|
C
|
Mn
|
Si
|
P
|
S
|
Cr
|
Ni
|
N
|
Ti
|
Co
|
|
321 (1.4541)
|
%0.08 max
|
%2.0 max
|
%1.0 max
|
%0.04 max
|
%~0.03
|
%17-19
|
%9-12
|
%0.10 max
|
%0.70 max
|
%~0.20
|
|
Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature
|
|
Quality
|
321 (1.4541) X6CrNiTi18-10
|
|
breaking strength
|
515 ile 700 MPA arası
|
|
Yield strength, (0.2%)
|
Min 205 MPa
|
|
Hardness (HRC)
|
Max 22 HRC veya <22 HRC
|
|
Physical Properties at Room Temperature
|
|
Features
|
Values
|
|
Density (Specific gravity)
|
8030 kg/m³
|
|
Melting temperature
|
1455°C
|
|
Modulus of Elasticity
|
193 GPa
|
|
amount of electrical resistance
|
0.072×10^-6 Ωm
|
|
heat permeability
|
16.3 W/m.K
|
|
Summary of Quality Characteristics
|
|
321 stainless is numbered as 1.4541 quality stainless according to the EN standard.
|
|
321 quality stainless is also called X6CrNiTi18-10 according to the EN standard.
|
|
This stainless quality is in the category of esthenitic stainless steels.
|
|
Stainless steels of this quality do not attract magnets and have a high corrosion resistance.
|
|
321 quality stainless material can work at temperatures up to about 800 degrees.
|
|
The most important point where this stainless steel quality, whose internal structure is similar to 304 quality, differs from 304 is the existing titanium in its content. It adds resistance to the titanium material in terms of both corrosion and temperature.
|
321 stainless steel is not suitable for extremely high temperatures and it would be better to use stainless steel grades such as 310 or 310s at very high temperatures. 310 and 310s stainless steel grades are available in European origin and are much more resistant materials than their counterparts.
|
321 Quality Stainless Steel Alternatives
|
|
QUALITY
|
In which situations can this quality be preferred instead of 321 quality stainless?
|
|
316Ti
|
Stainless steel grades 321 and 316Ti are similar to each other. It shows similarities to X6CrNiTi18-10 1.4541 grade (ie 321) and X6CrMoTi17-12-2 1.4571 (ie 316Ti) chemical expansions as can be seen. 316Ti material is more suitable for places where higher corrosion resistance is desired. The most important content difference between 316Ti and 321 is the molybdenum element at the rate of ~2-2.5% contained in 316Ti (1.4571) quality material. This element, which is indicated by Mo, increases the cost of the material, but the corrosion resistance also increases at the same rate. When more costly but better corrosion resistance is desired, 316T quality material can be preferred over 321 quality and both stainless steel grades are available in a wide variety, all of European origin.
|
|
310 / 310s
|
310 stainless material, also called 1.4845, can work even at approximately 1100 degrees. The maximum operating temperature of 321 quality materials is known as 800 degrees and it is not recommended to use 321 quality materials for temperatures above 800 degrees. If it is used above 321 800 degrees, it will melt very quickly and the structure of the material will deteriorate. Therefore, even though it is more expensive in terms of cost, 310 grade is much more suitable for very high temperatures than 321 stainless. 310 quality stainless material is available in diameters of six millimeters to one hundred millimeters and is one of the 310 stainless materials that can withstand heat for the longest time in the world.
|
|
|
Corrosion Resistance:
|
321 stainless steel is similar to 304 quality stainless material in terms of its structure, but thanks to the titanium present in it, this stainless material has a good resistance to corrosion. Stainless steel grade 321, ie 1.4541, which is not recommended for extremely corrosive environments, is suitable for many environments in daily life. It is recommended to use 310 or 310s stainless steel grades for harsher and higher temperature environments. All of the existing 321 stainless materials are of European origin and it is confirmed by our manufacturer friends that these 321 stainless steels are more efficient compared to their counterparts.
|
|
Mechanical Properties:
|
This stainless steel quality, which has an average strength in terms of mechanical properties, does not have very high mechanical values. 321 grade stainless steel, which is similar to the other most widely used self-contained stainless steel grades in the world in terms of mechanical properties, has a mechanical resistance almost equivalent to 304 and 316L grades.
|
|
Tendency to Forge:
|
321 stainless material is suitable for forging at medium-low level, but if it is necessary to forge 1.4541 quality stainless material, it is calculated that it is more appropriate to do it between 1075 and 1125 degrees. Forging in colder and hotter moments may cause the material to deteriorate.
|
|
Weldability:
|
321, 1.4541, which is a quality that can be considered suitable for welding, is similar to 316Ti (1.4571) stainless material, especially in terms of welding. In case it is desired to weld the existing 321 stainless materials, it recommends the use of the following quality electrodes as the electrode preference. Electrode grades: E 347, ER 347Si, ER 308L or ER 308LSI
|
|
Machinability:
|
1.4541 is not suitable for environments where machining is extremely intense, such as 303 and 430F, but 321 stainless materials go through many processes after production. All of these processes increase the machinability level of the material. In addition, the titanium element, which is in the content of 21 stainless materials, is much more homogeneous in the material compared to other similar ones, and the homogeneous distribution of titanium is an important factor that makes it easier to process.310 (1.4845) Stainless Steel Quality
|
|
General features
|
Explanation
|
|
Corrosion Resistance:
|
The material has a very good corrosion resistance even at temperatures above 1000 degrees. The maximum use temperature of the material is 1100 degrees.
|
|
Mechanical Properties:
|
The material can maintain its average mechanical properties even at high temperatures.
|
|
Tendency to Forge:
|
This material can be forged to a certain extent, but it would not be right to choose it for parts that will change shape by forging.
|
|
Weldability:
|
The weldability of the material is good. Especially 310 quality materials in our company have a better weldability than standard 310 grades due to their low carbon content.
|
|
Machinability:
|
The material is specially softened so that it can be processed well, and the 310 quality materials in our company can be processed more easily than their counterparts.vBu paslanmaz çelik kalitesi kimya endüstrisinde, makina endüstrisinde oldukça sık kullanılmaktadır. Bunların yanı sıra cam ve cam imalatı sektöründe çeşitli aparatlarda ve takımlarda kullanılmaktadır.
|
310 stainless steel is frequently used in high temperature furnaces, mines, furnaces and boilers. Another area where 310 stainless steel is used is Aluminum and bronze molds.
In short, 310 (1.4845) stainless steel can be used almost anywhere where high temperatures are required and good corrosion resistance is required.
Corrosion Resistance of 310 Stainless
We can summarize the resistance of 310 stainless steel to temperatures in different environments in continuous use as follows.
-In Oxidation Atmosphere: ~1100°C
-Sulfur Oxidation: ~1000°C
-Cementation Reduction: ~1000°C
– Sulfur Reduction: ~750°C
Note: Under no circumstances where 310 quality materials are used, 1100°C should not be exceeded. 1100°C is the last limit of this material and it is recommended that the material should work at temperatures where the final limit will not be reached, if possible. The temperature resistance of the material may vary depending on the environment it is in and the treatment on the surface of the material.
|
Chemical Composition
|
|
Quality
|
C
|
Mn
|
Si
|
P
|
S
|
Cr
|
Ni
|
Mo
|
|
310 (1.4845)
|
%0.08 max
|
%2,0 max
|
%0,75 max
|
%0.045 max
|
%0.03 max
|
25%
|
%20,5
|
%0,75 max
|
|
Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature
|
|
Quality
|
310 (1.4845) X8CrNi25-21
|
|
breaking strength
|
500 – 900 MPa
|
|
Yield strength, (0.2%)
|
210 MPa (min)
|
|
Hardness, Rockwell (HB)
|
192 max
|
|
Physical Properties at Room Temperature
|
|
Features
|
Values
|
|
Density (Specific gravity)
|
7900kg/m³
|
|
Melting temperature
|
1450°C
|
|
Modulus of Elasticity
|
200GPa
|
|
amount of electrical resistance
|
0.072×10^-6 Ωm
|
|
Thermal permeability (at 100°C)
|
14.2 W/m.K
|
|
Heat permeability (at 500°C)
|
18.5 W/m.K
|
|
Summary of Quality Characteristics
|
|
310 stainless is numbered as 1.4845 quality stainless according to EN standard.
|
|
310 quality stainless is also called X8CrNi25-21 according to the EN standard.
|
|
This stainless steel grade is the most common stainless steel grade used at high temperatures.
|
|
The 310 quality materials in our company have an average of 0.060% C carbon content and the carbon amount required for all three of the 310, 310S and 310H materials.
|
|
1.4845 (310) quality materials produced by the Ugitech factory in our company have a good corrosion resistance even at 1100°C temperatures.
|
|
Stainless steels of this quality do not attract magnets and have very good corrosion resistance.
|
Weight Chart
|
Cutting
|
0,5
|
0,6
|
0,7
|
0,8
|
0,9
|
1,0
|
1,2
|
1,5
|
2,0
|
2,5
|
3,0
|
4,0
|
|
|
|
mm
|
|
6,0
|
0,069
|
0,081
|
0,093
|
0,104
|
0,115
|
0,125
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,0
|
0,094
|
0,111
|
0,128
|
0,144
|
0,160
|
0,175
|
0,205
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,0
|
0,119
|
0,141
|
0,163
|
0,184
|
0,205
|
0,225
|
0,264
|
0,319
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,0
|
0,144
|
0,171
|
0,198
|
0,225
|
0,250
|
0,275
|
0,325
|
0,394
|
0,500
|
|
|
|
|
12,7
|
0,153
|
0,182
|
0,211
|
0,239
|
0,266
|
0,294
|
0,346
|
0,422
|
0,537
|
|
|
|
|
14,0
|
0,169
|
0,201
|
0,233
|
0,265
|
0,296
|
0,326
|
0,385
|
0,470
|
0,601
|
|
|
|
|
15,0
|
|
|
|
|
|
0,351
|
0,415
|
0,507
|
0,651
|
|
|
|
|
16(15,9)
|
0,194
|
0,232
|
0,269
|
0,305
|
0,341
|
0,376
|
0,445
|
0,545
|
0,701
|
|
|
|
|
17,2
|
|
|
|
|
|
0,406
|
0,481
|
0,590
|
0,761
|
0,921
|
|
|
|
18,0
|
0,219
|
0,262
|
0,304
|
0,345
|
0,386
|
0,426
|
0,505
|
0,620
|
0,801
|
|
|
|
|
19(19,1)
|
0,232
|
0,277
|
0,321
|
0,365
|
0,409
|
0,452
|
0,536
|
0,659
|
0,851
|
|
|
|
|
20,0
|
|
0,292
|
0,339
|
0,385
|
0,431
|
0,476
|
0,565
|
0,695
|
0,901
|
1,095
|
|
|
|
21,3
|
|
|
|
|
|
0,508
|
0,604
|
0,744
|
0,967
|
1,177
|
1,375
|
|
|
22(22,2)
|
|
0,322
|
0,374
|
0,426
|
0,477
|
0,526
|
0,625
|
0,770
|
1,002
|
1,222
|
|
|
|
23(23,5)
|
|
0,337
|
0,392
|
0,446
|
0,499
|
0,551
|
0,655
|
0,808
|
1,051
|
1,284
|
|
|
|
25,0
|
|
|
|
|
|
0,601
|
0,715
|
0,883
|
1,152
|
1,409
|
1,653
|
|
|
25,4
|
0,312
|
0,373
|
0,434
|
0,494
|
0,553
|
0,612
|
0,728
|
0,898
|
1,173
|
1,435
|
1,685
|
|
|
26,9
|
|
|
|
|
|
0,649
|
0,772
|
0,954
|
1,247
|
1,527
|
1,795
|
|
|
28,0
|
|
|
|
|
|
0,676
|
0,805
|
0,995
|
1,302
|
1,596
|
1,878
|
|
|
28,6
|
|
|
|
0,558
|
0,626
|
0,692
|
0,824
|
1,019
|
1,334
|
1,636
|
1,925
|
|
|
30,0
|
|
|
|
0,586
|
0,657
|
0,726
|
0,856
|
1,070
|
1,402
|
1,722
|
2,028
|
|
|
35(31,8)
|
|
|
|
0,626
|
0,703
|
0,776
|
0,925
|
1,146
|
1,502
|
1,847
|
2,178
|
|
|
33,0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,184
|
|
|
|
|
|
33,7
|
|
|
|
|
|
0,819
|
0,977
|
1,209
|
1,588
|
1,953
|
2,306
|
2,975
|
|
35,0
|
|
|
|
0,687
|
0,771
|
0,851
|
1,016
|
1,258
|
1,653
|
2,035
|
2,404
|
|
|
38(38,1)
|
|
|
|
0,747
|
0,838
|
0,929
|
1,106
|
1,371
|
1,803
|
2,222
|
2,629
|
|
|
40,0
|
|
|
|
|
|
0,977
|
1,166
|
1,446
|
1,903
|
2,348
|
2,779
|
3,606
|
|
41,3
|
|
|
|
0,813
|
0,911
|
1,010
|
1,206
|
1,496
|
1,971
|
2,432
|
2,881
|
|
|
42,0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,226
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kesme
|
0,8
|
0,9
|
1,0
|
1,2
|
1,5
|
2,0
|
2,5
|
3,0
|
4,0
|
5,0
|
6,0
|
|
|
|
mm
|
|
42,4
|
|
|
1,037
|
1,238
|
1,536
|
2,023
|
2,498
|
2,960
|
3,847
|
|
|
|
45,0
|
|
|
1,102
|
1,316
|
1,634
|
2,153
|
2,661
|
3,155
|
|
|
|
|
48,3
|
|
|
1,184
|
1,415
|
1,758
|
2,319
|
2,867
|
3,403
|
4,438
|
|
|
|
50,0
|
|
|
1,227
|
1,466
|
1,822
|
2,404
|
2,974
|
3,531
|
4,607
|
|
|
|
50,8
|
1,003
|
1,126
|
1,240
|
1,490
|
1,852
|
2,444
|
3,027
|
3,591
|
|
|
|
|
51,0
|
|
|
1,252
|
1,496
|
1,859
|
2,454
|
3,036
|
3,606
|
|
|
|
|
52,0
|
|
|
1,277
|
1,526
|
1,897
|
2,504
|
3,099
|
3,681
|
|
|
|
|
54,0
|
|
|
1,327
|
1,587
|
1,972
|
2,604
|
3,224
|
3,831
|
|
|
|
|
57,0
|
|
|
|
1,679
|
2,085
|
2,754
|
3,412
|
4,057
|
5,309
|
|
|
|
60,3
|
|
|
1,485
|
1,776
|
2,209
|
2,920
|
3,618
|
4,304
|
5,640
|
|
|
|
63,5
|
|
|
1,565
|
1,874
|
2,329
|
3,080
|
3,819
|
4,545
|
5,960
|
|
|
|
70,0
|
|
|
1,728
|
2,067
|
2,573
|
3,405
|
4,226
|
5,033
|
6,611
|
|
|
|
76,0
|
|
|
|
|
2,799
|
3,706
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
76,1
|
|
|
1,881
|
2,251
|
2,802
|
3,711
|
4,607
|
5,491
|
7,222
|
|
|
|
84,0
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,110
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
88,9
|
|
|
|
|
3,283
|
4,352
|
5,409
|
6,453
|
8,504
|
|
|
|
101,6
|
|
|
|
|
3,760
|
4,988
|
6,204
|
7,407
|
9,776
|
12,094
|
14,363
|
|
104,0
|
|
|
|
|
3,850
|
5,108
|
6,354
|
7,587
|
10,016
|
12,395
|
14,724
|
|
114,3
|
|
|
|
|
4,237
|
5,624
|
6,999
|
8,361
|
11,048
|
13,684
|
16,271
|
|
127,0
|
|
|
|
|
4,719
|
6,268
|
7,803
|
9,326
|
12,334
|
15,292
|
18,200
|
|
129,0
|
|
|
|
|
4,789
|
6,360
|
7,919
|
9,465
|
12,520
|
15,525
|
18,480
|
|
139,7
|
|
|
|
|
5,191
|
6,896
|
8,589
|
10,269
|
13,592
|
16,864
|
20,087
|
|
141,0
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,996
|
8,680
|
10,378
|
13,738
|
17,047
|
20,306
|
|
154,0
|
|
|
|
|
5,728
|
7,612
|
9,484
|
11,343
|
15,024
|
18,655
|
22,236
|
|
159,0
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,871
|
9,809
|
11,732
|
15,543
|
19,304
|
23,014
|
|
163,3(168)
|
|
|
|
|
6,265
|
8,328
|
10,379
|
12,417
|
16,456
|
20,445
|
24,384
|
|
203,2
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,088
|
12,578
|
15,057
|
19,975
|
24,844
|
29,662
|
|
219,1
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,880
|
13,569
|
16,245
|
21,560
|
26,824
|
32,103
|
|
273,0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16,953
|
20,306
|
29,975
|
33,504
|
40,162
|
English 
Turkish